Difference Between One Way Slab and Two Way Slab

ONE-WAY SLABS

One-way slabs are those slabs with an aspect ratio in plan of 2:1 or greater, in which bending is primarily about the long axis.In heavily loaded slabs, the thickness is often governed by shear or flexure, while in lightly-loaded slabs, the thickness is generally chosen based on deflection limitations. Both lightly and heavily loaded slabs are typically dimensioned so that no shear reinforcement is required, as placing stirrups in slabs is perceived to be difficult and costly. One-way slabs are designed for flexure and shear on a per meter width basis, assuming that they act as a series of independent strips. Thus one-way shear in slabs is often referred to as beam shear, and design for flexure and shear is carried out using a beam analogy.

practically :-when Ly/Lx ratio is less than 2 then it is one way slab..

Two way slabs

Two-way slabs have tension reinforcing spanning in BOTH directions, and may take

the general form of one of the following:

                                                   Types of Two-Way Slab Systems

practically :-when Ly/Lx ratio is less greater 2 then it is Two way slab.

Difference Between One Way Slab and Two Way Slab

There are some basic differences between one way slabs and two way slabs. To clear the concept of one way and two way slabs a table is shown below.

      

ONE WAY SLAB	TWO WAY SLAB
1. One way slab is supported by beams in only 2 sides.	1.  Two way slab is supported by beams in all four  sides
2. The ratio of longer span panel (L) to shorter span is equal or greater than 2. Thus, L/B >= 2	2.The ratio of longer span panel (L) to shorter span   Panel (B) is less than 2. Thus, L/B < 2
3. Main reinforcement is provided in only one direction one way slabs.	3. Main reinforcement is provided in both the direction for  two way slabs

Metro Rail Projects In Major Indian Cities

Kolkata Metro

Calcutta Metro is the first mass rapid transit system in the country and India’s Oldest Metro Railway. The Line 1 North-South Metro of 25 kilometers is in the operation with 23 stations of which 15 are underground station. Kolkata Metro is also the first in country to built a operational underground railway. There are 5 more railway lines under construction at the different corner of Calcutta,West Bengal.

Chennai Metro

Chennai is second city in India to run a rapid transit system in 1995, Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System is a elevated railway line run within the city from from Chennai Beach to Velachery.The Chennai Metro Rail and monorail network system will help the city for reliable and safe transportation. Chennai Metro Rail project consist both elevated and underground section and scheduled to be completed in 2013.

Delhi Metro 

The National Capital Region of India got another best mode of transportation called rapid transit system,Delhi Metro.Delhi Metro has 6 lines of 189.63 kilometers with 142 railway stations of which 35 are underground. Delhi Metro consist combination of at-grade,underground and elevated lines

Bangalore Metro

Bengaluru Metro also known as Namma Metro is recently started rapid transit rail system in the Bengaluru city of Karnataka. Namma Metro second phase will also open soon at the end of year 2012 and rest of the phases will complete as per plan.

Mumbai Metro

Mumbai, the financial and commercial capital of India is all set to provide another mode of transport to the people. Mumbai is the largest city in India, also among the world and need mass public transport system. Mumbai Metro and Mumbai Monorail will help the life line of Mumbai called Mumbai Suburban Railway. Mumbai is already running Monorail system, the first monorail in India.



Hyderabad Metro

Hyderabad Metro is under construction with 3 lines and covering a distance of around 71 km for the city. Phase 1 targeted date to operational is for Miyapur to Ameerpet is by December 2014. The Hyderabad Metro is the first public-private partnership metro project in India. Hyderabad is already running a Multi-Modal Transport System for particular routes



Jaipur Metro

The pink city of Rajasthan is got its first metro line of 9.2 km from Mansarovar to Chandpole Bazaar in November 2010. Rajasthan is one of the most visited tourist place in India, specially international tourist and Jaipur is best place to enjoy royal Rajasthan.

Kochi Metro

The Komet or Kochi Metro is under construction rapid transit system in Kochi city of Kerala.Kochi is one of the fastest developing city in Kerala state, It has international airport,harbor and now the Metro

Gurgaon Metro

The Rapid Metro Rail Gurgaon is the first privately operated metro in the city of Gurgaon, Haryana. Gurgaon Metro will link to Delhi Metro and expected to complete in March 2013.

JaipurJaipu

Adv.

Types of Civil Engineering Branches

12 TYPES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING BRANCHES TO CHOOSE YOUR CAREER

Civil engineering is the design, implementation and maintenance of public works. This involves facilities and structures such as arenas, large scale monuments, government buildings, transportation routes as well as other structures. Engineers will either work for the city or for a private firm that has been hired by the city. Some civil engineers work in the private sector on projects for independent companies.

Types of Civil Engineering Branches

There are several types of civil engineering. A civil engineer can specialize in a number of different civil engineering branches. Those branches are described briefly below. You may also like to know about what civil engineers do here.

Construction Engineering

This branch deals with the planning, construction and maintenance of structures. Construction engineering is the planning and execution of designs from site development, environmental, structural, transportation and structural engineers. They must ensure that the plans that have been designed by other engineers are implemented to their exact specifications. Construction engineers will supervise field work during the entire project. They are in a sense a cross between an engineer and manager as they will oversee the project from start to finish and handle any problems that come up throughout the duration of the project.

Structural Engineering

This branch of civil engineering encompasses the structural analysis and design of structures. It is the responsibility of the structural engineer to analyze and design a structure that will safely bear or resist the stresses, forces and loads. The design must satisfy the project specifications while meeting all safety regulations. The structure must endure massive loads as well as natural disasters and climate changes.

Geotechnical Engineering

In geotechnical engineering the engineer studies soil, foundations and bearing capacities. The engineer will study the behavior of the earth materials and how they will affect a structure that is to be constructed. They will also evaluate pre-existing structures that are showing signs of problems with the earth materials under or near the structure.

Transportation Engineering 

Civil engineers that specialize in transportation engineering will work with the planning, construction and management of transportation facilities. They will design and implement the infrastructures that deal with transportation in order to provide a safe, comfortable, convenient, economical and environmentally compatible mode of transport. There are six divisions related to transportation engineering: highway, air transportation, waterway, aerospace, coastal & ocean and urban transportation.

Surveying

This form of civil engineering handles the surveying and leveling of land by using different instruments to map and contour the terrain. This is done to locate and measure property lines, lay out buildings, bridges, channels, highways, and pipelines for constructions. Surveyors are generally classified into two categories: plane surveying and geodetic surveying.

Water Resource Engineering

These engineers deal with the design and construction of hydraulic structures. These structures include dams, canals and water distribution system. The engineer is responsible for the design of the structure as well as the implementation and safety precautions that must be closely adhered to when dealing with hydraulic structures.

Environmental Engineering

This branch is the study of environment friendly designs, pollution and their resolutions and sewage management. Many engineers focus solely upon the crisis of pollution and coming up with solutions as well as determining new and inventive ways for sewage management and other environmental entities.

Municipal Engineering

These engineers will work with urban or city governments on the planning and management of the township. Most of these engineers work directly with government officials to ensure that the structures within the municipality are properly designed and implemented.

Coastal Engineering

This branch of civil engineering deals with coastal and marine structures. These structures include groynes and embankments. These engineers not only ensure that the structures being erected correctly but they are also concerned with not disturbing the coastal regions.

Tunnel Engineering

Civil engineers who specialize in tunnel engineering are responsible for the planning, designing, construction, safety and maintenance of tunnels. There are specifications that must be adhered to when working with tunnels for roadways, waterways or trains.

Earthquake Engineering

Earthquake engineers study the seismic forces and earthquake resistant structures. In regions that are known for seismic activities, engineers must design and construct structures based on how well they will react within an earthquake situation.

Material Engineering

This branch of civil engineering deals with the study of material strength, properties of materials used in construction and ceramics. These engineers will determine the best possible materials to be used for a project based on that project's specifications.